Magnesium is an application later metal. Chemical properties of the active magnesium, mainly for the manufacture of aluminum alloy, magnesium as alloying elements to improve the mechanical strength of the aluminum to improve the machinability and corrosion resistance of the base. Due to the large specific strength magnesium-based alloy (aluminum, manganese, zinc, lithium, etc.) and the structural member of the pressure casting, in the automotive, aerospace, aviation and other fields, the mass fraction of magnesium, aluminum, reduce the structural member in place. Magnesium and halogen have strong affinity and are important reducing agents for the production of titanium , zirconium , uranium and thorium by metal thermal reduction. Magnesium spheroidizing agent for ductile iron production. Magnesium is used to replace calcium carbide desulfurization in iron and steel smelting.
The production and sales of magnesium in the world are booming. China is the world's largest producer of magnesium, accounting for about 80% of the world's original magnesium production.
Discover a small history
In 1808, the British chemist H. Davy electrolyzed a mixture of mercury and magnesium oxide to produce magnesium amalgam, which was the first to obtain magnesium metal. Magenesium is the name of the city of Greece and is where the metal magnesium is made by David. In 1828, the French scientist Abbios (AABBussy) used potassium to reduce molten magnesium oxide to obtain magnesium metal. In 1833, the British scientist M. Faraday used the method of electrolytically melting magnesium oxide to produce magnesium metal. In 1886, Germany used this method for industrial production.
Magnesium properties
Magnesium is one of the most abundant light metal elements on the earth. The specific gravity of magnesium is 1.74g/cm3, only 2/3 of aluminum, 2/5 of titanium and 1/4 of steel. Magnesium alloy is 36% lighter than aluminum alloy. It is 73% lighter than zinc alloy and 77% lighter than steel. Magnesium has high specific strength, high specific stiffness, good thermal conductivity, good electromagnetic shielding, damping, vibration damping, machining and low processing cost. The processing energy is only 70% of aluminum alloy and easy to recycle. advantage. The specific strength of magnesium alloy is higher than that of aluminum alloy and steel, which is slightly lower than that of fiber reinforced plastic with the highest specific strength; the specific stiffness is comparable to that of aluminum alloy and steel, much higher than that of fiber reinforced plastic; the wear resistance is much better than that of low carbon steel. It has exceeded the die-casting aluminum alloy A380; the vibration damping performance and magnetic shielding performance are far superior to those of aluminum alloy.
Magnesium resources
Magnesium is an important non-ferrous metal with a wide distribution in nature. It is a divalent alkaline earth metal, accounting for 2.35% of the crustal mass. Magnesium is rich in resources and many types. The most important ones are seawater, magnesium chloride and carnallite in salt lake brines, and magnesite and dolomite in the form of carbonates.
Preparation of magnesium
The current production methods of magnesium metal can be divided into two major categories, molten salt electrolysis and thermal reduction. At present, magnesium produced by these two methods in the world accounts for about 80% and 20%, respectively. Specific methods include: magnesium smelting by molten salt electrolysis and magnesium smelting by silicon thermal reduction. Molten magnesium by molten salt electrolysis includes two major steps: the production of magnesium oxide and the electrolysis of magnesium; the thermal reduction of silicon by silicon has two methods: Pijiang method (Pijiang method) and Magninet method.
Use of magnesium
Magnesium is mainly used in the manufacture of aluminum alloys. Magnesium as an alloying element can improve the mechanical strength of aluminum, improve the machinability and alkali corrosion performance. Due to the large specific strength (strength per unit mass) of structural parts or die-casting parts of magnesium-based alloys (including aluminum, manganese, zinc, etc.), in the automotive, aerospace, aerospace and other industries, the replacement of part of aluminum with magnesium can alleviate The quality of the structure. Magnesium and halogen have strong affinity and are important reducing agents for the production of titanium, zirconium, hafnium , uranium and thorium by metal thermal reduction. Magnesium can be used as a spheroidizing agent for the production of ductile iron. In steel smelting, magnesium can replace calcium carbide desulfurization, which can lower the sulfur content in steel, and the dosage in this area increases rapidly. In organic synthesis, a variety of complex organic compounds can be synthesized using the Grignard reaction of magnesium. Magnesium is also used as a cathode material for cathodic protection of chemical tanks, underground pipelines and hulls; magnesium is used to make dry batteries and magnesium-seawater reserve batteries. Magnesium, due to its high heat of combustion, emits a dazzling flame when burned, and is also used to make flares, incendiary bombs and fireworks. In addition, magnesium can also be used as a new energy storage material, with 19×109 joules per cubic meter of MgH2.
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