Recently, the United States has announced the first ever greenhouse gas emission and fuel efficiency standards for medium- and heavy-duty commercial vehicles. On the day of the announcement, Cummins Corporation expressed its support for this regulation and announced that the engine certification program will enable the product to meet the standards in advance. In the past few years, Cummins has worked with various stakeholders to actively promote the introduction of laws and regulations. At present, the company is already developing the clean and efficient power technology solutions required for compliance.
The US Federal Environmental Protection Agency and the US Department of Transportation formally proposed this regulation in October 2010. President Obama personally instructed the above two departments to cooperate and propose a national-level plan for greenhouse gas emission reduction and fuel efficiency improvement. In the open and open process adopted by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency and the Ministry of Communications, Cummins collaborated with other engine and automobile manufacturers, technology suppliers, fleets, and environmental organizations to give suggestions. With the joint efforts of all parties, the final regulatory framework fully takes into account the diversified needs and feasibility of the commercial vehicle sector.
“Environmental regulations often pose new challenges to the industry and increase costs and complexity. So Cummins made clear goals early in the year and hoped to help the government establish clear, consistent, challenging, and enforceable regulations. Regulations should fully recognize the needs of companies and We encourage companies that create innovative technology and employment opportunities for American society,†said Rich Freeland, vice president and CEO of Cummins Inc., “The introduction of this regulation will bring real value to our customers because Better fuel economy benefits the environment while reducing the customer's operating costs."
Cummins has always been adhering to the development of technical solutions that meet stringent emission standards (such as nitrogen oxide-related standards) and improve product efficiency. Last year, the U.S. Department of Energy allocated nearly US$54 million to Cummins’ system-level technology development, integration, and demonstration for efficient and advanced power transmission. By reducing fuel consumption, the emissions of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas controlled by this regulation, are also reduced. This regulation, developed by the US Federal Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Transportation, also specifies the carbon dioxide emissions and fuel efficiency of the 2014 and 2017 engines.
All Cummins North American vehicle engine products from ISB6.7 to ISX15 will be certified to meet the new on-board diagnostics (OBD) requirements effective January 1, 2013. In order to provide customers with a more stable and long-lasting product platform, these products will also meet regulations related to greenhouse gas emissions and fuel efficiency.
“At present, the emission reduction technologies we have implemented have laid a solid foundation for meeting the 2014 standards. Cummins plans to meet the standards in advance in 2013.†Dr. Steve Charlton, vice president of the Cummins Corporation, chief technology officer of the engine division, said, “Let’s get our engine early. The certification will bring more benefits to the end-user in terms of fuel economy, and will also ensure the stability of the fittings of the OEM customers.The extended use of the existing platform architecture will bring higher reliability to our customers. We are advancing steadily along the forward-looking technology road established a few years ago to provide customers with cleaner, more efficient and more reliable products."
Compared with 30 years ago, today's automotive diesel engines in the United States have reduced 99% of particulate matter and nitrogen oxide emissions. The Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology used by Cummins to meet US EPA 2010 emissions standards is a prerequisite for meeting new greenhouse gas and fuel efficiency regulations. It not only reduces nitrogen oxide emissions to nearly zero, it also reduces fuel consumption. As a result, the fuel economy of Cummins' heavy- and medium-sized engines meeting the 2010 standard is 6% higher than the previous model.
High Precision Machining is defined as a process of changing the dimensions or the performance of workpiece with machining facilities.
According to the temperature of the workpiece while in machining, high precision machining can be divided into cold working and hot working. Usually, machining under indoor temperature, and won't change cause chemical change or phisical phase change is named cold working. On the other hand, if under temperature, higher or lower than room temperature, which will lead to chemical changes or phase changes, it will be called as hot working.
For high precision machining, the machining tolerance can be up to 0.0001-0.001mm, the surface finish Ra can be 0.02-0.1um.
Machining precision is to describe the actual geometrical parameter of the part after machining, such as the size, the form, the position, comparing with the theoretical geometry parameter. The difference from these two parameters is the machining tolerance. The number of the difference show the machining accuracy, the bigger, the lower of the machining precision, the smaller, the higher machining precision.
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