Laoshan District of Qingdao is the highest latitude in China's tea plantation, and it is also one of the higher tea production areas in the north. It has special geographical characteristics and is an advantageous industrial belt for the production of tea in Qingdao. Due to the differences in geological environment, soil conditions, and water and fertilizer control measures in different regions, the tea production in the various tea gardens in Laoshan Mountain is different, and the quality of tea varies. These conditions forced us to strengthen the discussion on tea plantation geology and soil nutrient levels. . In order to improve the quality and value of Lushan green tea. Studying the geological background, soil nutrients, the quality of Laoshan green tea and the relationship between them can provide a theoretical basis for the development of new tea areas in Qingdao, and at the same time, it can help regulate the soil nutrient levels of the existing tea gardens, thus improving the quality of tea. Tea gardens and tea grades provide the basis for the division.
The project started with the use of a soil nutrient tester to study the geological background of the Lushan green tea origin. A comprehensive geological survey was conducted on the tea plantation areas in Laoshan Mountain to determine the distribution of stratum, tectonic, magmatic rocks, and soil nutrient types in the area. 18 representative tea plantations were selected in the tea plantation area of ​​Laoshan Mountain. The soil samples and tea samples collected in different growing seasons were used to determine the main nutrient indexes such as organic matter, alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil samples, and the main quality factors of the corresponding tea garden tea leaves were analyzed: water extract, tea polyphenols, caffeine, The components of amino acids and catechins were calculated, and the phenol-ammonia ratio and catechin quality index were calculated to study the relationship of soil nutrient level and tea quality in Laoshan tea region, and between soil nutrient factors and tea quality indicators. The main results are as follows:
1. The main body of the Lushan area is composed of granitoids and the main soil type is brown earth. The geology of representative tea gardens in the tea plantation area of ​​Laoshan Mountain is mainly composed of alkaline granite units and syenite granite units, and part of the Qingshan Group Volcanic Rocks of the Baiquan Formation. The soil type has a large area of ​​common brown soil, and the pH range is also suitable for the growth of tea plants. The geology suitable for the growth of tea plants in the Lushan area is dominated by the brown soils developed from granites. The area under this geological background is suitable for the growth of tea trees through appropriate soil improvement and planting improvements, such as Xiazhuang of Xifu Town and Longquan of Jimo County. Towns and other regions.
2. Soil nutrient surveys showed that there were significant differences in nutrient levels in different tea gardens in the Songshan region. According to the soil nutrient level, it was divided into three grades, accounting for 77.8% of the above-average level, the overall situation was good, but the overall soil organic matter content was low, and the nitrogen level was moderate. The soil nutrient index of tea plantations had significant differences due to different seasons, especially the performance of available nutrients was more obvious, and the nutrient levels of different grades of tea plants all showed obvious annual trends. There are also significant differences in soil nutrient levels in different tea gardens in the tea region.
3. Under different soil nutrient conditions. The content of each chemical component in tea leaves has a very significant difference in different picking periods, which makes the quality of tea different. The contents of the various quality components in the three types of tea leaves showed the following characteristics: In the spring, the content of amino acids in tea was the highest, the ratio of phenol to ammonia was the lowest, and the quality of spring tea was higher; while the content of amino acids in summer tea was low, and the ratio of phenol to ammonia was high. The quality of the tea produced was poor, and autumn tea was somewhere in between. However, the tea index content of all seasons can meet the requirements of green tea taste. The total amount of catechins, the main functional components of tea, non-vinegar catechins, catechins, and catechins monomer C, EC, EGC, GCG, ECG, and EGCG all showed low spring and high summer temperatures. The seasonal changes in the middle of the autumn, the catechin quality index also showed the same change characteristics; the total amount of catechins in tea, the non-vinegar catechins, and the vinegar catechins in different soil nutrient levels. There were significant differences due to different seasons, and the tea plantations with low nutrient levels were significantly lower than those with balanced nutrient levels.
The results of multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis showed that soil organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium had a great influence on the quality of Laoshan green tea, especially organic matter and alkaline nitrogen were closely related to tea quality. The water extracts, tea polyphenols, amino acid content, phenol-ammonia ratio and soil organic matter content in Laoshan green tea were linearly related, while the organic matter content was overall low, which was a limiting factor for high quality and high yield in Laoshan tea garden; available phosphorus and tea The water extracts, tea polyphenols, and caffeine in the medium are linearly related, the overall phosphorus content in the Laoshan tea area is high, and the application of phosphorus should be slightly controlled; the content of caffeine is linearly positively correlated with the available potassium, and the amino acid content There is a linear positive correlation with alkaline hydrolysis of nitrogen. The content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium is moderate, and can be used in combination.
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