First, the basic principle of seed storage
Like all living organisms, seeds are closely linked with the outside world through metabolism. To maintain life activities. The main sign of the metabolism of seeds during storage is respiration. Seeds rely on the respiration and external environmental conditions (mainly refers to the air in the air, temperature, humidity, etc.) for gas, calorie, moisture and other metabolic activities. Therefore, control the respiration of the seeds and reduce the consumption of stored materials. Only by maintaining a strong vitality can we achieve the goal of safe storage.
There are two ways of seed respiration. One is aerobic respiration with good ventilation. Aerobic respiration is the consumption of oxygen to oxidize the nutrients in the seeds. Carbon monoxide, water and a large amount of heat energy are produced. When the respiration is strong, more material is consumed for storage, and water and heat are accumulated in the seed heap to bring about unfavorable factors for safe storage. Second, when the oxygen is poorly ventilated, the seeds are turned to lack. Oxygen respiration results in the production of more ethanol (alcohol) at the same time as the production of carbon dioxide and a small amount of heat energy. The resulting wine will quickly lose its germination power. Therefore, to keep the seeds well, you must control the breathing of the seeds.
The respiration of seeds is influenced by the moisture content of the seed itself, ambient temperature and gas composition. The seed moisture content and temperature are two major factors.
1 Seed moisture: The seeds that are fully dried are very weak in their respiration. When the seeds become hygroscopic, they will increase their breathing. The more water there is, the stronger the respiration will be, and a very significant turning point will be formed. This turning point is very important in seed storage. When the water content of seed is below the turning point, it can be safely stored. When the seed moisture content rises above the turning point, it will cause fever and mildew of the seed. This turning point is called safe moisture in practical work. The specific value of safe moisture is relative, it also depends on other factors, mainly the seed temperature, or the temperature of the environment.
2 Seed temperature: The respiration intensity of seeds increases with increasing temperature, making the seeds at a low temperature is also an effective way to reduce the respiratory intensity. Safe moisture is subject to temperature, which is related to the combined effect of seed moisture and temperature on respiration. The test results show that due to the different moisture content of the seeds, the respiration rate varies with the temperature rise and fall, and the lower the water content, the smaller the amplitude. That is, the higher the temperature, the faster the respiration rises, ie, the smaller the safe moisture value. For example, in the northern regions, winter cereals with very low seed temperature and water content of 20% can also be safely stored. However, in the summer, the seed temperature rises, and the safe moisture must be controlled below 13% to 15%.
The respiration of seeds is the main physiological activity during storage. Whether or not they can control seed respiration is a major issue related to the success or failure of storage. There are many factors affecting seed respiration. In addition to the two main factors of moisture and temperature, the air composition, seed quality (maturity, clarity, etc.) and seed microbes are also factors that cannot be ignored. Practical work shows that the safe storage of seeds must maintain a “dry, cold, clean†state.
Second, the basic conditions for safety reserves
1 Seed cleaning and drying
Seed sorting. After the seeds are harvested, they are promptly threshed and cleared to increase the clarity and evenness of the seeds. Dry seeds. The seed drying process is a complex physical phenomenon. Sun drying is the use of sunlight and atmospheric water to spread out the seed to achieve the purpose of reducing moisture. When the air temperature is higher, the relative humidity is lower, and with the wind force, the seed drying effect is better. When drying in the cement field, you must pay attention to turning the seeds and keep a certain thickness in order to maintain the vitality of the seeds.
2 Requirements for the seed bank
The requirements of the warehouse are that the moisture-proof and heat-insulating property is good, and ventilation and airtightness can be provided according to need, which is convenient for management.
3 Strengthen management during storage
Grasp the laws of seed temperature and humidity changes, during the storage of seeds is to grasp the three temperature (temperature, temperature, temperature) and two wet (atmospheric humidity, seed moisture content) changes, and take timely measures to achieve the purpose of safe storage. To establish a management system, seeds must be checked regularly for seed temperature, seed moisture, germination rate, and worm status after they are put into storage. Warehouse inspection should be done regularly and fixed point. The seed temperature should generally be checked once every 3 to 5 days. Seed moisture content 15-30 days to check once. The germination rate is eliminated and checked at the time of storage. The storage period is checked every quarter. The situation of the worms should be checked at any time. Seeds should be stored strictly in accordance with species, grade, origin, batch, and year, so as to avoid artificial mis-discovery. (Valley Cui)
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