1 Introduction
Hard and brittle materials are characterized by high hardness and significant brittleness, typically non-conductive or semi-conductive substances. Examples include various types of stone, glass, silicon crystals, quartz, cemented carbides, and ceramics. As science and technology advance, the application areas of these materials continue to expand, driving the development of processing techniques. Among these, cutting plays a crucial role in the machining of hard and brittle materials. For instance, in the production of architectural decorative panels and precision parts from rock, sawing is often the initial process, accounting for over 50% of the total machining cost. Currently, diamond tools are widely used for cutting such materials due to their superior performance. Diamond, being the hardest natural substance, has excellent cutting properties, making it ideal for applications like stone processing, with promising prospects in this field.
Common methods for sawing hard and brittle materials using diamond tools include circular saw blades, diamond band saws, frame saws, and bead saws. While each method has its own features and applications, their cutting mechanisms and diamond wear processes are largely similar. Since rock cutting is one of the most important uses of diamond tools, studying the sawing mechanism and the wear behavior of these tools is essential for their optimal design and usage. Over the years, researchers worldwide have conducted extensive experiments and studies on the mechanism of diamond tool sawing granite, the wear of diamond tools, and the forces involved during the cutting process. These efforts have contributed significantly to the theoretical understanding and technological development of diamond tools.
2 Study on the Sawing Mechanism of Diamond Cutting Tools
Diamond abrasives are usually formed into cutting tools through sintering or electroplating. The cutting process of diamond tools resembles grinding, but the mechanism differs when working with hard and brittle materials like rock or ceramic, as compared to metal. The process becomes more complex due to the nature of the material. Since diamond tools were first applied in stone cutting, there has been extensive research into the cutting mechanism. Scholars around the world have studied the process of diamond tool sawing granite for many years, progressing from early theories of rock intrusion and single-grain diamond scratch analysis to the use of advanced techniques like polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to observe surface morphology and crack propagation. Acoustic emission signals are also used to assess the cutting condition. However, due to the complexity of the cutting process in hard and brittle materials, a unified understanding of the cutting mechanism has yet to be established.
Similar to the grinding process, the interaction between a single diamond particle and the stone during cutting is a key area of study. Early experimental work showed that under different conditions, single-grain diamond cutting of granite primarily causes brittle fracture in the rock, although some plastic deformation may occur depending on the mineral composition. This indicates that the cutting behavior is influenced by both the material's properties and the cutting parameters.
Hard and brittle materials are characterized by high hardness and significant brittleness, typically non-conductive or semi-conductive substances. Examples include various types of stone, glass, silicon crystals, quartz, cemented carbides, and ceramics. As science and technology advance, the application areas of these materials continue to expand, driving the development of processing techniques. Among these, cutting plays a crucial role in the machining of hard and brittle materials. For instance, in the production of architectural decorative panels and precision parts from rock, sawing is often the initial process, accounting for over 50% of the total machining cost. Currently, diamond tools are widely used for cutting such materials due to their superior performance. Diamond, being the hardest natural substance, has excellent cutting properties, making it ideal for applications like stone processing, with promising prospects in this field.
Common methods for sawing hard and brittle materials using diamond tools include circular saw blades, diamond band saws, frame saws, and bead saws. While each method has its own features and applications, their cutting mechanisms and diamond wear processes are largely similar. Since rock cutting is one of the most important uses of diamond tools, studying the sawing mechanism and the wear behavior of these tools is essential for their optimal design and usage. Over the years, researchers worldwide have conducted extensive experiments and studies on the mechanism of diamond tool sawing granite, the wear of diamond tools, and the forces involved during the cutting process. These efforts have contributed significantly to the theoretical understanding and technological development of diamond tools.
2 Study on the Sawing Mechanism of Diamond Cutting Tools
Diamond abrasives are usually formed into cutting tools through sintering or electroplating. The cutting process of diamond tools resembles grinding, but the mechanism differs when working with hard and brittle materials like rock or ceramic, as compared to metal. The process becomes more complex due to the nature of the material. Since diamond tools were first applied in stone cutting, there has been extensive research into the cutting mechanism. Scholars around the world have studied the process of diamond tool sawing granite for many years, progressing from early theories of rock intrusion and single-grain diamond scratch analysis to the use of advanced techniques like polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to observe surface morphology and crack propagation. Acoustic emission signals are also used to assess the cutting condition. However, due to the complexity of the cutting process in hard and brittle materials, a unified understanding of the cutting mechanism has yet to be established.
Similar to the grinding process, the interaction between a single diamond particle and the stone during cutting is a key area of study. Early experimental work showed that under different conditions, single-grain diamond cutting of granite primarily causes brittle fracture in the rock, although some plastic deformation may occur depending on the mineral composition. This indicates that the cutting behavior is influenced by both the material's properties and the cutting parameters.
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