Current situation in China's wind power industry
Since 2005, China's wind power installations have been developing at an average annual rate of 100%. By the end of 2008, China’s total installed capacity of wind power has reached 12.15 million kilowatts, which accounts for about 10% of the total installed capacity of wind power in the world. This is a very impressive increase. . At present, from the perspective of installed capacity, China has become the largest wind power country in Asia and the fourth largest in the world with a wind power installed capacity exceeding 10 million kilowatts. The top three countries followed were the United States, Germany, and Spain. Their installed capacity was 25.17 million, 23.9 million, and 16.75 million kilowatts, respectively.
The rapid increase in demand has also driven the rapid development of China's wind power equipment manufacturing industry. In 2004, there were only 6 wind turbine manufacturers in China. More than 70 enterprises have now clearly entered the manufacture of complete turbines. In addition, some companies are working on the preliminary preparations for entering the manufacture of complete turbines, showing that “you did not sing. After I was on the stage, there was such a mixed pattern that there were hundreds of winds competing against each other. Thanks to the development over the past few years, the scale of production of domestic and joint ventures has continued to expand, technological capabilities have continued to increase, and market share has risen rapidly. In 2004, domestic and foreign-funded enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises accounted for 25% and 75% of new wind power installed capacity in the same year. In 2008, this proportion was just reversed. Domestic (jointly-funded) companies have already been in the wind power market. On the absolute dominant position. As to how many parts manufacturers are driven by these complete machine manufacturers, it is a figure that cannot be accurately counted. The development and expansion of these wind turbine manufacturing companies and parts and components companies have effectively promoted the improvement of China's wind power manufacturing technology and production scale. What is worrying is that the technical level, production scale, and service capabilities of the more than 70 wind turbine companies are uneven. Only a few companies have truly formed scale and are relatively competitive. Most companies have insufficient estimates for the huge risks they face. This is a prominent problem in China's current wind power equipment manufacturing industry.
From the perspective of future developments, the wind power industry will have at least a decade of golden development. From a worldwide perspective, the industrialized countries such as the United States and Germany have adopted large-scale development of wind power as the main solution to solve the energy shortage and environmental pollution problems. In my country, so too is the situation. At the end of 2008, the 12.15-million kilowatts of wind power installed capacity accounted for only 1.5% of China's total installed power capacity. It is expected that by 2020 this proportion will reach about 10%, that is, by 2020, the installed capacity of wind power will reach 140 million kilowatts. The level of this is a very impressive number. This shows that from the perspective of the macro situation, the climax of the large-scale development of the wind power industry has indeed arrived.
Development Status of Fan Control Systems
The wind turbine control system is an important part of the wind turbine. It undertakes important tasks such as fan monitoring, automatic adjustment, maximum wind energy capture, and good grid compatibility. It is mainly composed of monitoring systems, main control systems, pitch control systems, and Frequency conversion system (frequency converter) is composed of several parts. The main functions of each section are as follows:
Monitoring System (SCADA): The monitoring system realizes the monitoring and start-up and shutdown of the wind condition of the whole wind farm. It includes large-scale monitoring software and a complete communication network.
Main control system: The main control system is the main body of the wind turbine control system. It realizes such important functions as automatic start, automatic steering, automatic speed adjustment, automatic grid connection, automatic de-listing, automatic failure shutdown, automatic cable unwinding, and automatic recording and monitoring. Control and protection functions. Its three major external interface systems are monitoring system, pitch control system and frequency conversion system (inverter). It interfaces with the monitoring system to complete the exchange of real-time fan data and statistical data, and completes blade control with the pitch control system interface. It realizes maximum wind energy capture and constant speed operation, and realizes automatic adjustment of active power and reactive power with the interface of frequency conversion system (inverter).
Pitch control system: In conjunction with the main control system, the maximum wind energy capture and constant speed operation are achieved through the control of the blade pitch angle, which improves the operational flexibility of the wind turbine. At present, there are two hydraulic and electrical methods for the blade drive of the pitch control system, and two different schemes for the AC drive and the DC motor are used in the electrical drive mode. Which method is adopted depends mainly on the technical routes and traditions that manufacturers have formed over the years.
Frequency conversion system (frequency converter): It interfaces with the main control system, and is connected with the generator and the power grid. It directly bears the important role of guaranteeing the quality of power supply, increasing the power factor, and meeting the compatibility standards of the power grid.
Judging from the current situation in China, the self-supporting scale of the aforementioned components of the wind turbine control system is still quite unsatisfactory. So far, the reliance on foreign brands is still relatively large, and it is still the weakest link in wind power equipment manufacturing. The other components of the wind turbine, including the core components such as blades, gearboxes, generators, and bearings, have basically achieved localization support (although the quality level and operating conditions are still not satisfactory). The reason for this is as follows:
(1) China's late start in this technology field, especially the study of VSWR high-speed unit variable-speed constant-frequency control technology, is more in recent years, which is 20 countries behind advanced fan technology countries. Year time. As already mentioned, China's wind power manufacturing industry has only been developing rapidly since the last four years since 2005. In order to quickly seize the market, domestic major wind turbine manufacturers are committed to expanding their production scale, and are unable to control the technological content of the control system. High-level products are self-developed, so many companies directly purchase products or introduce technologies from foreign companies such as MITA and Windtec.
(2) In terms of the requirements of the fan control system itself, it has its specificity and complexity. From the hardware point of view, the fan control system is installed in a near-natural environment with the fan, the work has a relatively large vibration, a wide range of temperature changes, strong electromagnetic interference such complex conditions, so the hardware requirements are higher than the general system Much more. In terms of software, the fan must have a set of perfect control software to achieve complete automatic control. Master control systems, pitch systems, and frequency converters need to work together to achieve maximum wind energy capture at lower wind speeds, constant speeds at medium wind speeds, and constant frequency, constant power operation at higher wind speeds. There are a set of advanced and complex control algorithms in several major components. It takes some time for domestic companies to fully master themselves.
(3) The fan control system is a system highly integrated with the characteristics of the fan. The control software including the master control, pitch changer, and inverter is not only a complex algorithm, but also the setting of each parameter is closely related to the fan itself. The fan control system The task is not only to achieve a high degree of automation of the fan monitoring and power supply to the grid, but also must achieve the maximum wind capture and load minimization through appropriate control, even if the general automation enterprise can develop a prototype, it is difficult to get Verification and promotion are even more difficult. Small and medium-sized blower manufacturers are unable to carry out such development.
Even so, domestic enterprises have made positive progress in the development of the main components of the control system through the efforts of the past few years, and have basically formed independent technological development capabilities. What they lack is mainly the large-scale production performance and technology of the products. Accumulation and experience. For example, as the main control system and frequency converter with the highest technological content in the fan control system, domestic enterprises have made important progress in independent development. After years of efforts, Dongfang Automation has successfully developed the DWS5000 fan control system, and has completed various tests and fan operation verification, realized large-scale production, and basically formed an independent development capability. Cono Albert also developed a control system for megawatt-class units. In terms of inverters, Dongfang Automation, Hefei Sunshine, Qingneng Wahfu, and Ko Nuo Weiye have emerged as a group of companies. They have developed high-power double-fed and direct-drive inverters, and products have been produced in small quantities in wind farms. Put into operation, presents a promising development momentum.
With the increasing capacity of fans developed by domestic companies, fan control technology must be continuously developed to meet this requirement. For example, the drive and control technology of blades, and the development of larger-capacity inverters, are new technologies that must be continuously solved. Questions are not elaborated here. At present, due to the increasing proportion of wind turbines in China's power grids, the problem of poor compatibility of wind power generation grids is also gradually exposed. At the same time, users are demanding networking between different wind farms and different models of wind turbines. Increasingly high, this also puts forward new tasks for the fan control system.
(1) Adopt a unified and open protocol to achieve convenient interconnection between wind turbines of different wind farms and different manufacturers and models. At present, the investment requirements of wind turbine investment users and power grid dispatch centers are becoming more and more urgent for the wind farms widely distributed in different regions. Although various wind turbine manufacturers have provided certain means to realize wind turbine interconnections, they have different solutions. There are still many problems in the interconnection of different manufacturers' fans, so it is difficult to implement them. Therefore, the realization of convenient interconnection between different fans is an important issue that needs to be solved urgently.
(2) It is necessary to further improve the Low Voltage Ride Through Operation (LVRT). Wind turbines, especially double-fed fans, are inherently less able to withstand the voltage drop of the grid. In the event of a grid voltage dip, the previous practice was to have the fan cut out of the grid. When the proportion of wind turbines in the grid is small, the impact of this practice on the grid is also negligible. However, as the number of wind turbines operating on the grid is increasing, especially in areas where wind power is concentrated, such as the national planned and constructed 60 million-kilowatt wind power bases, this practice will have a serious impact on the power grid, and may even further. Expand the accident. Many countries in Europe, such as Germany, Spain, Denmark and other countries, have already issued relevant standards and require that in this case, the wind turbines can be maintained on-grid to support the power grid. This capability of wind turbines is known as Low Voltage Ride Through Operation (LVRT), and some countries even require that grid operation be maintained when the grid voltage drops to zero. In August of this year, China’s State Grid Corporation of China issued the “Technical Regulation on the Integration of Wind Farms into Power Grids,†which stipulates China’s own low-voltage ride-through requirements and clearly requires that wind turbines be able to drop to 20% of their rated voltage when the voltage at the connection point drops. When the grid-connected operation is maintained for 625ms, and when the fall occurs within 3s, it can recover to 90% of the rated voltage, and the wind turbine unit maintains the low-voltage ride-through operation requirements for grid-connected operation. It should be said that this is only a preliminary, relatively low operational requirement. In the future, more stringent Internet restrictions may also be introduced. The realization of these requirements mainly depends on the improvement of the frequency converter's algorithm and structure in the control system. Of course, it is also closely related to the main control and pitch systems.
(3) Realizing automatic control of active and reactive power of wind farms under power estimation conditions. At present, wind turbines are operated in a non-adjusting manner, that is, how much wind is generated and how much electricity is generated, which is not a big problem if the proportion of wind power is small. However, with the dramatic increase in the amount of wind power on-grid, the power supply trough segment is often the period during which the wind turbines contribute the most. This makes it extremely difficult for the power grid to adjust peaks, and the grid frequency and voltage tend to fluctuate greatly. At present, the power grid has paid considerable attention to this issue and it is required to construct a power forecasting system for wind farms and an automatic control system for wind power output so as to realize the control of active power and reactive power on the basis of power prediction. In fact, the construction of this system is not an easy task and involves many technical issues. However, the prologue has been opened anyway.
Development Outlook
As can be seen from the above description, the control system, as the most critical core component in wind turbines, is still the weakest link in the domestic wind power equipment manufacturing industry, and it is also the only domestic component that has not yet achieved bulk domestic production. The reason has already been analyzed in the second part. However, we have also noticed that some domestic companies represented by Oriental Automated Control have taken important steps in the independent research and development of control systems, including inverters, and have achieved many results. Therefore, it is expected that after two to three years, it will be able to realize the complete localization of the fan control system, and have the independent research and development capabilities of larger wind turbine control systems such as offshore wind turbines. In this way, the last bottleneck in the localization of wind turbines is also Will be broken. At the same time, in this corner, we also call on users of domestic wind turbines to establish confidence in the use of domestic control systems and support the development of localization projects. At the same time, domestic companies have greater advantages in service support and spare parts supply. In the long run, they will certainly bring good returns to wind power companies.
Since 2005, China's wind power installations have been developing at an average annual rate of 100%. By the end of 2008, China’s total installed capacity of wind power has reached 12.15 million kilowatts, which accounts for about 10% of the total installed capacity of wind power in the world. This is a very impressive increase. . At present, from the perspective of installed capacity, China has become the largest wind power country in Asia and the fourth largest in the world with a wind power installed capacity exceeding 10 million kilowatts. The top three countries followed were the United States, Germany, and Spain. Their installed capacity was 25.17 million, 23.9 million, and 16.75 million kilowatts, respectively.
The rapid increase in demand has also driven the rapid development of China's wind power equipment manufacturing industry. In 2004, there were only 6 wind turbine manufacturers in China. More than 70 enterprises have now clearly entered the manufacture of complete turbines. In addition, some companies are working on the preliminary preparations for entering the manufacture of complete turbines, showing that “you did not sing. After I was on the stage, there was such a mixed pattern that there were hundreds of winds competing against each other. Thanks to the development over the past few years, the scale of production of domestic and joint ventures has continued to expand, technological capabilities have continued to increase, and market share has risen rapidly. In 2004, domestic and foreign-funded enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises accounted for 25% and 75% of new wind power installed capacity in the same year. In 2008, this proportion was just reversed. Domestic (jointly-funded) companies have already been in the wind power market. On the absolute dominant position. As to how many parts manufacturers are driven by these complete machine manufacturers, it is a figure that cannot be accurately counted. The development and expansion of these wind turbine manufacturing companies and parts and components companies have effectively promoted the improvement of China's wind power manufacturing technology and production scale. What is worrying is that the technical level, production scale, and service capabilities of the more than 70 wind turbine companies are uneven. Only a few companies have truly formed scale and are relatively competitive. Most companies have insufficient estimates for the huge risks they face. This is a prominent problem in China's current wind power equipment manufacturing industry.
From the perspective of future developments, the wind power industry will have at least a decade of golden development. From a worldwide perspective, the industrialized countries such as the United States and Germany have adopted large-scale development of wind power as the main solution to solve the energy shortage and environmental pollution problems. In my country, so too is the situation. At the end of 2008, the 12.15-million kilowatts of wind power installed capacity accounted for only 1.5% of China's total installed power capacity. It is expected that by 2020 this proportion will reach about 10%, that is, by 2020, the installed capacity of wind power will reach 140 million kilowatts. The level of this is a very impressive number. This shows that from the perspective of the macro situation, the climax of the large-scale development of the wind power industry has indeed arrived.
Development Status of Fan Control Systems
The wind turbine control system is an important part of the wind turbine. It undertakes important tasks such as fan monitoring, automatic adjustment, maximum wind energy capture, and good grid compatibility. It is mainly composed of monitoring systems, main control systems, pitch control systems, and Frequency conversion system (frequency converter) is composed of several parts. The main functions of each section are as follows:
Monitoring System (SCADA): The monitoring system realizes the monitoring and start-up and shutdown of the wind condition of the whole wind farm. It includes large-scale monitoring software and a complete communication network.
Main control system: The main control system is the main body of the wind turbine control system. It realizes such important functions as automatic start, automatic steering, automatic speed adjustment, automatic grid connection, automatic de-listing, automatic failure shutdown, automatic cable unwinding, and automatic recording and monitoring. Control and protection functions. Its three major external interface systems are monitoring system, pitch control system and frequency conversion system (inverter). It interfaces with the monitoring system to complete the exchange of real-time fan data and statistical data, and completes blade control with the pitch control system interface. It realizes maximum wind energy capture and constant speed operation, and realizes automatic adjustment of active power and reactive power with the interface of frequency conversion system (inverter).
Pitch control system: In conjunction with the main control system, the maximum wind energy capture and constant speed operation are achieved through the control of the blade pitch angle, which improves the operational flexibility of the wind turbine. At present, there are two hydraulic and electrical methods for the blade drive of the pitch control system, and two different schemes for the AC drive and the DC motor are used in the electrical drive mode. Which method is adopted depends mainly on the technical routes and traditions that manufacturers have formed over the years.
Frequency conversion system (frequency converter): It interfaces with the main control system, and is connected with the generator and the power grid. It directly bears the important role of guaranteeing the quality of power supply, increasing the power factor, and meeting the compatibility standards of the power grid.
Judging from the current situation in China, the self-supporting scale of the aforementioned components of the wind turbine control system is still quite unsatisfactory. So far, the reliance on foreign brands is still relatively large, and it is still the weakest link in wind power equipment manufacturing. The other components of the wind turbine, including the core components such as blades, gearboxes, generators, and bearings, have basically achieved localization support (although the quality level and operating conditions are still not satisfactory). The reason for this is as follows:
(1) China's late start in this technology field, especially the study of VSWR high-speed unit variable-speed constant-frequency control technology, is more in recent years, which is 20 countries behind advanced fan technology countries. Year time. As already mentioned, China's wind power manufacturing industry has only been developing rapidly since the last four years since 2005. In order to quickly seize the market, domestic major wind turbine manufacturers are committed to expanding their production scale, and are unable to control the technological content of the control system. High-level products are self-developed, so many companies directly purchase products or introduce technologies from foreign companies such as MITA and Windtec.
(2) In terms of the requirements of the fan control system itself, it has its specificity and complexity. From the hardware point of view, the fan control system is installed in a near-natural environment with the fan, the work has a relatively large vibration, a wide range of temperature changes, strong electromagnetic interference such complex conditions, so the hardware requirements are higher than the general system Much more. In terms of software, the fan must have a set of perfect control software to achieve complete automatic control. Master control systems, pitch systems, and frequency converters need to work together to achieve maximum wind energy capture at lower wind speeds, constant speeds at medium wind speeds, and constant frequency, constant power operation at higher wind speeds. There are a set of advanced and complex control algorithms in several major components. It takes some time for domestic companies to fully master themselves.
(3) The fan control system is a system highly integrated with the characteristics of the fan. The control software including the master control, pitch changer, and inverter is not only a complex algorithm, but also the setting of each parameter is closely related to the fan itself. The fan control system The task is not only to achieve a high degree of automation of the fan monitoring and power supply to the grid, but also must achieve the maximum wind capture and load minimization through appropriate control, even if the general automation enterprise can develop a prototype, it is difficult to get Verification and promotion are even more difficult. Small and medium-sized blower manufacturers are unable to carry out such development.
Even so, domestic enterprises have made positive progress in the development of the main components of the control system through the efforts of the past few years, and have basically formed independent technological development capabilities. What they lack is mainly the large-scale production performance and technology of the products. Accumulation and experience. For example, as the main control system and frequency converter with the highest technological content in the fan control system, domestic enterprises have made important progress in independent development. After years of efforts, Dongfang Automation has successfully developed the DWS5000 fan control system, and has completed various tests and fan operation verification, realized large-scale production, and basically formed an independent development capability. Cono Albert also developed a control system for megawatt-class units. In terms of inverters, Dongfang Automation, Hefei Sunshine, Qingneng Wahfu, and Ko Nuo Weiye have emerged as a group of companies. They have developed high-power double-fed and direct-drive inverters, and products have been produced in small quantities in wind farms. Put into operation, presents a promising development momentum.
With the increasing capacity of fans developed by domestic companies, fan control technology must be continuously developed to meet this requirement. For example, the drive and control technology of blades, and the development of larger-capacity inverters, are new technologies that must be continuously solved. Questions are not elaborated here. At present, due to the increasing proportion of wind turbines in China's power grids, the problem of poor compatibility of wind power generation grids is also gradually exposed. At the same time, users are demanding networking between different wind farms and different models of wind turbines. Increasingly high, this also puts forward new tasks for the fan control system.
(1) Adopt a unified and open protocol to achieve convenient interconnection between wind turbines of different wind farms and different manufacturers and models. At present, the investment requirements of wind turbine investment users and power grid dispatch centers are becoming more and more urgent for the wind farms widely distributed in different regions. Although various wind turbine manufacturers have provided certain means to realize wind turbine interconnections, they have different solutions. There are still many problems in the interconnection of different manufacturers' fans, so it is difficult to implement them. Therefore, the realization of convenient interconnection between different fans is an important issue that needs to be solved urgently.
(2) It is necessary to further improve the Low Voltage Ride Through Operation (LVRT). Wind turbines, especially double-fed fans, are inherently less able to withstand the voltage drop of the grid. In the event of a grid voltage dip, the previous practice was to have the fan cut out of the grid. When the proportion of wind turbines in the grid is small, the impact of this practice on the grid is also negligible. However, as the number of wind turbines operating on the grid is increasing, especially in areas where wind power is concentrated, such as the national planned and constructed 60 million-kilowatt wind power bases, this practice will have a serious impact on the power grid, and may even further. Expand the accident. Many countries in Europe, such as Germany, Spain, Denmark and other countries, have already issued relevant standards and require that in this case, the wind turbines can be maintained on-grid to support the power grid. This capability of wind turbines is known as Low Voltage Ride Through Operation (LVRT), and some countries even require that grid operation be maintained when the grid voltage drops to zero. In August of this year, China’s State Grid Corporation of China issued the “Technical Regulation on the Integration of Wind Farms into Power Grids,†which stipulates China’s own low-voltage ride-through requirements and clearly requires that wind turbines be able to drop to 20% of their rated voltage when the voltage at the connection point drops. When the grid-connected operation is maintained for 625ms, and when the fall occurs within 3s, it can recover to 90% of the rated voltage, and the wind turbine unit maintains the low-voltage ride-through operation requirements for grid-connected operation. It should be said that this is only a preliminary, relatively low operational requirement. In the future, more stringent Internet restrictions may also be introduced. The realization of these requirements mainly depends on the improvement of the frequency converter's algorithm and structure in the control system. Of course, it is also closely related to the main control and pitch systems.
(3) Realizing automatic control of active and reactive power of wind farms under power estimation conditions. At present, wind turbines are operated in a non-adjusting manner, that is, how much wind is generated and how much electricity is generated, which is not a big problem if the proportion of wind power is small. However, with the dramatic increase in the amount of wind power on-grid, the power supply trough segment is often the period during which the wind turbines contribute the most. This makes it extremely difficult for the power grid to adjust peaks, and the grid frequency and voltage tend to fluctuate greatly. At present, the power grid has paid considerable attention to this issue and it is required to construct a power forecasting system for wind farms and an automatic control system for wind power output so as to realize the control of active power and reactive power on the basis of power prediction. In fact, the construction of this system is not an easy task and involves many technical issues. However, the prologue has been opened anyway.
Development Outlook
As can be seen from the above description, the control system, as the most critical core component in wind turbines, is still the weakest link in the domestic wind power equipment manufacturing industry, and it is also the only domestic component that has not yet achieved bulk domestic production. The reason has already been analyzed in the second part. However, we have also noticed that some domestic companies represented by Oriental Automated Control have taken important steps in the independent research and development of control systems, including inverters, and have achieved many results. Therefore, it is expected that after two to three years, it will be able to realize the complete localization of the fan control system, and have the independent research and development capabilities of larger wind turbine control systems such as offshore wind turbines. In this way, the last bottleneck in the localization of wind turbines is also Will be broken. At the same time, in this corner, we also call on users of domestic wind turbines to establish confidence in the use of domestic control systems and support the development of localization projects. At the same time, domestic companies have greater advantages in service support and spare parts supply. In the long run, they will certainly bring good returns to wind power companies.
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