According to the difference in physical and chemical properties of rare earth minerals and associated gangues and other minerals, the ore dressing of rare earth ores usually adopts the following methods:
1. Radiation beneficiation method
The main use of different levels of thorium ore rare earth minerals and gangue minerals, using γ- rays concentrator, rare earth minerals and gangue minerals are separated. Radiation beneficiation is mostly used for pre-selection of rare earth ore. At present, this method is not widely used in the industry.
Second, gravity beneficiation method
Sorting is carried out using the difference in density of rare earth minerals and gangue minerals. Commonly used re-election equipments include conical concentrators, spiral concentrators, shakers, and the like. Re-election is mainly used to separate rare earth minerals from quartz and calcite minerals with low density to achieve pre-enrichment or rare earth concentrate. Re-election is widely used in the production of coastal sand mines; it is sometimes used as a means of pre-enrichment in the processing of rare earth veins.
Third, magnetic separation separation
Some rare earth minerals have weak magnetic properties: they can be used to separate rare earth minerals from other minerals by magnetic separators with different magnetic field strengths, which are different from the associated gangue and other minerals. In beach sands beneficiation, often using weak magnetic iron ore of titanium and monazite separation; high intensity magnetic separation can be employed to make separate monazite and zircon, quartz and other minerals. In the beneficiation of rare earth veins, in order to simplify the flotation process and save flotation reagents, strong magnetic separation is sometimes used to pre-enrich the rare earth minerals. With the continuous development of strong magnetic technology, strong magnetic separation will be more and more widely used in the mineral processing process of the rare ore.
Fourth, flotation method
By using the difference of physical and chemical properties between rare earth minerals and minerals, flotation is used to separate concentrates from associated gangue and base minerals. It is the main mineral processing method widely used in the production of rare earth veins. The Mountain Pass rare earth mine in the United States is a flotation process for the production of rare earth concentrates. In the production of seashore sand mines, after heavy sand is obtained by re-election, rare earth concentrates are often obtained from heavy sand by flotation.
Five, electrification method
Rare earth minerals are non-good conductors, and their electrical conductivity can be different from that of associated minerals. Electroporation is used to separate minerals with good conductivity. Electrification is often used in the selection of heavy sands in coastal sand mines.
6. Chemical beneficiation method
For rare earth deposits adsorbed on kaolin or clay in the form of ions, the characteristics of rare earth ions easily dissolved in dry sodium chloride or ammonium sulfate solution can be fully utilized, and the chemical beneficiation method of first leaching and then precipitation is used for recovery. The fluorocarbonate rare earth mineral which is soluble in acid or undergoes phase transition at high temperature can be pre-concentrated by flotation method and then purified by chemical beneficiation method (acid leaching or high temperature baking).
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