The primary function of a safety valve is to protect pipelines or equipment by preventing the pressure of the medium from exceeding a predetermined limit, thereby ensuring safe operation. As a critical safety device, the safety valve remains closed under external force until the pressure inside the system rises above the set value, at which point it automatically opens to release the excess pressure. This discharge occurs outside the system, effectively reducing the pressure in the equipment or pipeline to a safe level.
Safety valves are automatic devices commonly used in boilers, pressure vessels, and piping systems to control pressure and prevent overpressure situations that could lead to catastrophic failure. They play a vital role in safeguarding both personnel and equipment. Depending on the opening height, safety valves can be classified into two types: micro-opening and full-opening. The micro-opening type has an opening height of ≤ 0.05d₀ (minimum discharge throat diameter), while the full-opening type has an opening height of ≤ 0.25d₀.
Based on their structural design, safety valves can be categorized into several types, including gravity lever, spring-loaded, and pilot-operated (pulse) valves. Additionally, they can be divided into closed and open types based on the valve body structure. Closed safety valves do not allow the medium to escape directly into the environment; instead, the discharged medium is directed to a designated location, making them suitable for use with toxic or corrosive substances. In contrast, non-closed safety valves are typically used for less hazardous media such as air or steam.
When selecting a safety valve, it is essential to determine the actual sealing pressure. For spring-loaded safety valves, the order should specify the spring’s working pressure range within the nominal pressure (PN) rating. Along with the model, name, medium, and temperature, the maximum sealing pressure must also be clearly indicated. Otherwise, the valve may be supplied based on the highest possible sealing pressure.
Proper installation and maintenance of safety valves are crucial for their effective performance. First, all safety valves should be installed vertically to ensure correct operation. Second, the outlet of the safety valve should be free of resistance to avoid backpressure issues. Third, each safety valve should be tested before installation, and its seal should be verified. Finally, regular inspections and maintenance should be carried out during operation to ensure continued reliability and safety.
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